Principles of bioclimatic architecture applied at the project of Spa center at Stara Planina mountain

Abstract

Application of bioclimatic parameters in the design of tourist objects is an important factor for reducing energy consumption and preserving the environment. It represents the response to constant changing of climate conditions. Given the fact that development of tourism has negative consequences on the environment, it is necessary to examine the way design process can affect the reduction of energy and environmental pollution. This paper analyzes the principles of bioclimatic planning and design of the Spa Center at the Balkan Mountain that is one of the most valuable ecosystems in Serbia. Adaptation to the existing climate change was analyzed on two levels. The first level was urban factors that include analysis of local climate and environment that affect the positioning of the object and preliminary form. The second level was architecture factors with technical and technological solutions that can be achieved through the application of climate and energy responsible designing. Final analyses indicate that the bioclimatic approach is necessary in the initial stage of setting preliminary design for the building, because later it would take more effort to install technology that requires time and the whole process makes much more expensive. The work indicates that the energy needs of optimized Spa center like represented, from the very beginning of planning and designing, can be drastically reduced.

Primena bioklimatskih parametara kod turističkih objekata bitan je faktor smanjenja energetske potrošnje i očuvanja okoline i predstavlja odgovor na promenljive klimatske uslove. S obzirom da razvoj turizma u neurbanizovanom prirodnom okruženju ima negativne posledice na njega, bilo je potrebno ispitati na koji način se u procesu projektovanja može uticati na smanjenje zagađenja i uklopiti u okruženje. Ovaj rad analizira principe bioklimatskog planiranja i projektovanja na primeru Spa centra na Staroj planini koja spada u jedan od najvrednijih ekosistema u Srbiji. Adaptacija objekta na postojeće klimatske promene analizirana je na dva nivoa. Prvi nivo razmatra urbanističke faktore koji obuhvataju analizu uticaja lokalne klime i predela na pozicioniranje objekta i definisanje preliminaranih formi. Drugi nivo su arhitektonska i tehničko-tehnološka rešenja čijom primenom se postiže energetski odgovorno projektovanje. Finalne analize ukazuju da je bioklimatski pristup neophodan u početnim fazama projektovanja, od postavke idejnih skica objekta, jer kasnija ugradnja tehnologija u objekat traži vreme i poskupljuje ceo proces. Ovaj rad ukazuje da utrošak energenata od fosilnih goriva, ovako optimizovanog Spa centra, od samog početka planiranja i projektovanja može biti značajno smanjen.