Bela Crkva urban morphology analysis with aim of improving urban structure and built space

Abstract

The paper represents an analysis of the emergence and development of the urban structure of Bela Crkva, small town in southern Banat Danube area, and gives its urban morphology analysis, in order to make recommendations for future development and improvement of the quality of the built environment. Urban planning models upon which this settlement was developped and the factors that led to deviations from the initial planning concepts, along with a brief overview of the emergence and development of the planned settlements in present-day Vojvodina are explored and presented. Specific factors that led to the emergence of atypical elements in Bela Crkva urban structure are pointed out, and the relationship between typical and specific is analysed. Particular attention was given to the most important factors that led to deviations from strict geometric form, such as topography, climate, transportation, economy and demographics. Problems plaguing Bela Crkva today - negative demographic balance, the economic crisis and the deterioration of the existing built structure - are identified. The authors conclude that one can not expect further development of the urban structure of this settlement in the horizontal direction, but the transformation within the existing urban matrix, in the field of urban reconstruction. Some recommendations for further planning and development planning policies that are used for logical development and growth of settlements, in particular in order to preserve the identity of the village, are proposed.

U radu se razmatra nastanak i razvoj urbane strukture Bele Crkve, malog podunavskog grada u južnom Banatu, i daje njena urbomorfološka analiza, u cilju formiranja preporuka za budući razvoj i unapređenje kvaliteta izgrađene sredine. Istraženi su i prikazani planski modeli na osnovu kojih se odvijao razvoj ovog naselja i činioci koji su doveli do odstupanja od inicijalne planske koncepcije, uz kratak osvrt na pojavu i razvoj planskih naselja u današnjoj Vojvodini. Ukazuje se na specifične faktore razvoja koji su doveli do atipičnosti u urbanoj strukturi Bele Crkve i analizira odnos tipičnog i specifičnog. Dat je poseban osvrt na najznačajnije činioce koji su doveli do odstupanja od strogo geometrijskog oblika urbane strukture - na topografiju, klimu, saobraćaj, privredu i demografiju. Uočeni su problemi koji opterećuju Belu Crkvu danas - negativan demografski bilans, ekonomska kriza i propadanje postojeće fizičke strukture. Autori zaključuju da se ne može očekivati dalji razvoj urbane strukture ovog naselja u horizontalnim pravcima, već transformacije u okviru postojeće urbane matrice, u domenu urbane rekonstrukcije. Daju se preporuke za dalji planski razvoj i planske smernice koje su u funkciji logičnog razvoja i rasta naselja, sa posebnim naglaskom na očuvanje njegovog identiteta.