Economic instruments in the politics of the sustainable development of Serbia

Abstract

In the paper one elaborates the role of economic instruments in the politics of environmental protection and sustainable development. Key elements are pointed out as well as the frameworks for two basic approaches to the uses of economic instruments: commanding - controlled approach (CAC) and market - based instruments (MBI) - an approach based on market mechanisms. The review is given of the experiences in the implementation of economic instruments in the countries of EC, OECD and in the countries in transition and our local experiences in Republic of Serbia. The existing economic instruments are analyzed in the domain of environmental protection in Serbia. It is argued that the economic instruments in the domain of environmental protection and sustainable development in Serbia are not established holistically and effectively, nor defined and that the existing instruments are used with a great limitation. One proposes the adaptation of existing regulations and an introduction of ecological taxation, as a part of marked-based instruments on the principle 'the polluter pays'. .

U radu se razmatra uloga ekonomskih instrumenata u politici zaštite životne sredine i održivog razvoja. Ukazuje se na ključne elemente i okvire dva osnovna pristupa u korišćenju ekonomskih instrumenata: komandno-kontrolnog i pristupa tržišno-zasnovanim instrumentima. Prikazana su iskustva u primeni ekonomskih instrumenata u zemljama EU, OECD-a, zemljama u tranziciji i domaća iskustva u Republici Srbiji. Analizirani su postojeći ekonomski instrumenti u politici zaštite životne sredine u Srbiji. Konstatuje se da ekonomski instrumenti u zaštiti životne sredine nisu celovito i efikasno ustanovljeni i definisani i da se postojeći instrumenti nedovoljno koriste. Predlaže se prilagođavanje postojeće regulative sa iskustvima EU i uvođenje ekološkog oporezivanja, kao dela tržišno-zasnovanih instrumenata, na principu 'zagađivač plaća'. .