Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) on Spatial Plans for the Special Purpose Areas- Problems, Conflicts and Their Relativization

Abstract

U svim evropskim zemljama poslednjih decenija prisutna je tendencija ka definisanju integralnog sistema planiranja, koji pored standardnog planerskog instrumentarijuma posebnu pažnju poklanja aspektu zaštite životne sredine i kvalitetu života stanovnika. Planiranje zaštite životne sredine u strateškom planiranju (prostornom, regionalnom i urbanističkom) predstavlja jedan od instrumenata za dostizanje održivog razvoja teritorija različitih namena. Implementacija holističkog pristupa i koordinacije između prostornog, sektorskog i planiranja zaštite životne sredine je od najvećeg značaja za integralno planiranje održivog teritorijalnog razvoja. Potreba za uključivanjem envajronmentalnih pitanja u strateške dokumente ukazala se usled neophodnosti usaglašavanja ekoloških i razvojnih interesa na nekoj teritoriji. Različite intervencije u prostoru pokazuju negativne implikacije manjeg ili većeg intenziteta po pojedine parametre zaštite životne sredine. Navedeni efekti uslovili su obavezu da se u postupak pripreme i usvajanja planova i programa integrišu i osnovna načela zaštite životne sredine, kao i definišu mere za neutralizaciju ili smanjenje negativnih efekata (koje planska rešenja mogu izazvati na nekoj teritoriji) ili potencijalnih konflikata u realizaciji aktivnosti. S obzirom na činjenicu da je planiranje proces koji se istovremeno odvija na više hijerarhijskih nivoa, neophodna je ne samo vertikalna, već i horizontalna harmonizacija planskih rešenja i mera zaštite životne sredine. Stoga, planski proces zahteva istovremeno (paralelno) formiranje strateških smernica za neku teritoriju i proveru tih smernica kroz instrumente vrednovanja kvaliteta zaštite životne sredine. Kroz rad će biti data moguća rešewa za relativizaciju konflikata koji se mogu javiti na relaciji zaštite životne sredine i prostornog razvoja. Kroz prezentaciju nekoliko SPU za različita područja posebne namene, rad će ukazati na različite pristupe za relativizaciju konflikata u prostoru.

In all European countries in the last decades, there is a tendency towards the definition of an integral planning system, which, in addition to the standard planning instrument, pays special attention to the aspect of environmental protection and the quality of life of the inhabitants. Environmental protection planning in strategic planning (spatial, regional and urban) is one of the instruments for achieving sustainable development of territories of different purposes. The implementation of a holistic approach and coordination between spatial, sectoral and environmental planning is of utmost importance for integral planning of sustainable territorial development. The need to include the environmental issues in the strategic documents was indicated by the necessity of harmonizing ecological and development interests in a certain territory. Different interventions in the space show negative implications of lower or higher intensity according to individual environmental parameters. These effects have caused the obligation to integrate the basic principles of environmental and life-quality protection in the process of preparation and adoption of plans and programs, as well as need to define measures for neutralization or reduction of negative effects or potential conflicts in the realization of activities. Considering the fact that planning is a process that is simultaneously taking place at several hierarchical levels, it is necessary to achieve not only vertical, but also horizontal harmonization of planned solutions and environmental protection measures. Therefore, the planning process requires the simultaneous (parallel) formation of strategic guidelines for a territory and the verification of these guidelines through instruments for evaluating the quality of environmental protection. The paper will provide some of the potential solution for the relativization of the conflicts that can appear between environmental protection on one side, and spatial development on other side. Through presentation of several SEA conducted for different special purpose area, paper will show different approaches in relativization of the conflicts.