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Strategic Environmental Assessment in the Application of Preventive Protection for Wind Farm Noise—Case Study: Maestrale Ring Wind Farm

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2021
Josimovic&Cvjetic,Manic-Energies-14-6174.pdf (1.139Mb)
Authors
Josimović, Boško
Cvjetić, Aleksandar
Manić, Božidar
Article (Published version)
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Abstract
Determining the spatial position of wind turbines is the initial and most important phase in the development of a wind farm project. In this sensitive phase, all potential problems that may arise in the later stages of project development should be prevented by means of spatial and urban planning instruments. This makes it possible to achieve maximum use of the potential of wind in a particular space and, thus, fulfil the technical and economic requirements of the project while re specting the goals of environmental protection in that same area, through preventive protection. Therefore, it is essential, even at the earliest planning and development stage of a wind farm project, for the requirements that are important for optimal spatial solutions to be balanced. In this process, strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is a support to the planning process and an invaluable instrument for finding optimal spatial solutions for the possible key spatial impacts of wind powe...r with regard to noise, shadow flicker, ornithofauna and chiropterofauna. The weakness of SEA can be seen in its predominant application of expert qualitative methods that bring with them subjec tivity, since they depend on expert knowledge and skills. This paper presents the aspect of noise impact assessment and its inclusion in the SEA for the Maestrale Ring wind farm in Serbia. The results of the research indicate how it is possible to achieve the principle of objectivity in the process of multicriteria expert evaluation by including the results of a partial impact assessment of the noise from wind farms, using results obtained from software modeling of the spatial dispersion of wind turbine noise in the SoundPlan 8.1 software package in the SEA process. These quantitative results predicting the noise level were used in a semi-quantitative method of multicriteria evaluation in the SEA through the definition of criteria to determine the ranking of impacts, which is elaborated in the paper. The results also show the significant of the contribution of applying a methodological approach based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods in SEA. These methods positively affect the application of the principle of preventive protection through the opti mal selection of the number and position of wind turbines on one hand and the objectivity of draw ing conclusions based on which strategic decisions are made in the final phase of the SEA process, on the other.

Keywords:
wind farm noise / strategic environmental assessment / preventive environmental protection / noise modeling / noise regulation
Source:
Energies, 2021, 14, 19, 6174-
Funding / projects:
  • Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia, Grant no. 200006 (Institute of Architecture and Regional and Urban Planning of Serbia, Belgrade) (RS-200006)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en14196174

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URI
https://raumplan.iaus.ac.rs/handle/123456789/621
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  • Radovi istraživača / Researchers' publications
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RAUmPlan
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Josimović, Boško
AU  - Cvjetić, Aleksandar
AU  - Manić, Božidar
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://raumplan.iaus.ac.rs/handle/123456789/621
AB  - Determining the spatial position of wind turbines is the initial and most important phase 
in the development of a wind farm project. In this sensitive phase, all potential problems that may 
arise in the later stages of project development should be prevented by means of spatial and urban 
planning instruments. This makes it possible to achieve maximum use of the potential of wind in a 
particular space and, thus, fulfil the technical and economic requirements of the project while re specting the goals of environmental protection in that same area, through preventive protection. 
Therefore, it is essential, even at the earliest planning and development stage of a wind farm project, 
for the requirements that are important for optimal spatial solutions to be balanced. In this process, 
strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is a support to the planning process and an invaluable 
instrument for finding optimal spatial solutions for the possible key spatial impacts of wind power 
with regard to noise, shadow flicker, ornithofauna and chiropterofauna. The weakness of SEA can 
be seen in its predominant application of expert qualitative methods that bring with them subjec tivity, since they depend on expert knowledge and skills. This paper presents the aspect of noise 
impact assessment and its inclusion in the SEA for the Maestrale Ring wind farm in Serbia. The 
results of the research indicate how it is possible to achieve the principle of objectivity in the process 
of multicriteria expert evaluation by including the results of a partial impact assessment of the noise 
from wind farms, using results obtained from software modeling of the spatial dispersion of wind 
turbine noise in the SoundPlan 8.1 software package in the SEA process. These quantitative results 
predicting the noise level were used in a semi-quantitative method of multicriteria evaluation in the 
SEA through the definition of criteria to determine the ranking of impacts, which is elaborated in 
the paper. The results also show the significant of the contribution of applying a methodological 
approach based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods in SEA. These 
methods positively affect the application of the principle of preventive protection through the opti mal selection of the number and position of wind turbines on one hand and the objectivity of draw ing conclusions based on which strategic decisions are made in the final phase of the SEA process, 
on the other.
T2  - Energies
T1  - Strategic Environmental Assessment in the Application of Preventive Protection for Wind Farm Noise—Case Study: Maestrale Ring Wind Farm
VL  - 14
IS  - 19
SP  - 6174
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3390/en14196174
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Josimović, Boško and Cvjetić, Aleksandar and Manić, Božidar",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Determining the spatial position of wind turbines is the initial and most important phase 
in the development of a wind farm project. In this sensitive phase, all potential problems that may 
arise in the later stages of project development should be prevented by means of spatial and urban 
planning instruments. This makes it possible to achieve maximum use of the potential of wind in a 
particular space and, thus, fulfil the technical and economic requirements of the project while re specting the goals of environmental protection in that same area, through preventive protection. 
Therefore, it is essential, even at the earliest planning and development stage of a wind farm project, 
for the requirements that are important for optimal spatial solutions to be balanced. In this process, 
strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is a support to the planning process and an invaluable 
instrument for finding optimal spatial solutions for the possible key spatial impacts of wind power 
with regard to noise, shadow flicker, ornithofauna and chiropterofauna. The weakness of SEA can 
be seen in its predominant application of expert qualitative methods that bring with them subjec tivity, since they depend on expert knowledge and skills. This paper presents the aspect of noise 
impact assessment and its inclusion in the SEA for the Maestrale Ring wind farm in Serbia. The 
results of the research indicate how it is possible to achieve the principle of objectivity in the process 
of multicriteria expert evaluation by including the results of a partial impact assessment of the noise 
from wind farms, using results obtained from software modeling of the spatial dispersion of wind 
turbine noise in the SoundPlan 8.1 software package in the SEA process. These quantitative results 
predicting the noise level were used in a semi-quantitative method of multicriteria evaluation in the 
SEA through the definition of criteria to determine the ranking of impacts, which is elaborated in 
the paper. The results also show the significant of the contribution of applying a methodological 
approach based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods in SEA. These 
methods positively affect the application of the principle of preventive protection through the opti mal selection of the number and position of wind turbines on one hand and the objectivity of draw ing conclusions based on which strategic decisions are made in the final phase of the SEA process, 
on the other.",
journal = "Energies",
title = "Strategic Environmental Assessment in the Application of Preventive Protection for Wind Farm Noise—Case Study: Maestrale Ring Wind Farm",
volume = "14",
number = "19",
pages = "6174",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.3390/en14196174"
}
Josimović, B., Cvjetić, A.,& Manić, B.. (2021). Strategic Environmental Assessment in the Application of Preventive Protection for Wind Farm Noise—Case Study: Maestrale Ring Wind Farm. in Energies, 14(19), 6174.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/en14196174
Josimović B, Cvjetić A, Manić B. Strategic Environmental Assessment in the Application of Preventive Protection for Wind Farm Noise—Case Study: Maestrale Ring Wind Farm. in Energies. 2021;14(19):6174.
doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/en14196174 .
Josimović, Boško, Cvjetić, Aleksandar, Manić, Božidar, "Strategic Environmental Assessment in the Application of Preventive Protection for Wind Farm Noise—Case Study: Maestrale Ring Wind Farm" in Energies, 14, no. 19 (2021):6174,
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/en14196174 . .

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