Trans-European transport networks influence on the regional development and urban systems: Serbian experience

Abstract

The trans-European transport network has different effects at macro-regional, mezzo-regional and micro-regional level, and on urban systems development, and its effectiveness rises at the lower regional levels. Possible approaches to the trans-European transport network impact and effect survey and policy options have been pointed out. The importance of increased accessibility and mobility for regional expansion and for more balanced and polycentric system of city networks has been underlined. The question is how the new major transport infrastructure affects the development of functional complementarity between cities and regions. Changes of the spatial organization, utilization and structure of cities, as well as of social benefits and losses subsequent to impacts of trans-European transport corridor "X" on urban system Ćuprija-Jagodina-Paraćin at section Belgrade-Nis have been analysed. The new trans-European or major transport infrastructure does not per se create regional and urban system network development, although it can affect the conditions for the processes that create growth and development. The effects can be increased by co-ordination of measures of regional and urban policy, land use, transport and other policies. The guidances and options of urban systems and urban centres development policies in trans-European transport corridor, as well as possibilities to improve our planning system have been given. The necessary measure is the introduction of spatial impact assessment as sectorial policy instrument for the large transport infrastructure projects.

U radu se polazi od pretpostavke da se uticaj transevropskih saobraćajnih koridora različito manifestuje na makro, mezo i mikroregionalnom planu, odnosno da se povećava sa snižavanjem regionalnog nivoa. Ukazuje se na moguće pristupe istraživanju pozitivnih i negativnih efekata transevropskog saobraćajnog koridora. Jedno od pitanja je da li i koliko ovi koridori mogu da utiču na razvoj makro i mezo regionalnih celina i aglomeracionih sistema u pogledu kretanja, rada, stanovanja, raspodele, specijalizacije funkcija naselja i sl. Analiziraju se uticaji autoputa i železničke pruge na organizaciju i namenu urbanog prostora i promene u ekonomskom i socijalnom životu lokalnog stanovništva u koridoru "X", na primeru trograđa Ćuprija-Jagodina-Paraćin na deonici od Beograda do Niša. Transevropski i magistralni infrastrukturni koridori predstavljaju jedan od značajnih preduslova i podsticaja za razvoj, ali ne mogu sami po sebi da generišu očekivani razvoj, bez podrške odgovarajućih mera i instrumenata različitih politika. Daju se smernice i opcije razvoja urbanih sistema i centara u magistralnim infrastrukturnim koridorima i, sa tog stanovišta, preporuke za unapređenje našeg sistema planiranja. Kao jedna od mera predlaže se izrada analize prostornog uticaja za transevropske i magistralne saobraćajne koridore u procesu sektorskog planiranja i pripreme tehničke dokumentacije.